Kunu (also known as kununzaki) is a non-alcoholic beverage consumed throughout Nigeria, mostly in the north. It is usually made from grains such as millet, sorghum, or sometimes maize. The variety of the drink made from sorghum is a milky light-brown colour, whilst that which is made from millet and maize is whitish in colour. It is rich in vitamins, especially B1 and B2, and also rich in essential mineral elements.
Kunun zaki drink is a very refreshing drink, but the traditionally processed kunun has a very short shelf-life, hence requires adequate preservatives to make it shelf-stable and of high keeping quality. The main raw materials (Sorghum, millet, or a combination of both) are readily available in commercial quantities in Nigeria, especially in the Northern parts. To improve the shelf-life of kunun-zaki and make it available in a hygienic manner, various technological processes and research have been carried out by research institutes in Nigeria.
PRODUCTION PROCESS (Courtsey of FIIRO)
The production and preservation of kunun-zaki include the following simple processing steps.
Sorting; the grains are sorted to obtain wholesome grain for processing
Weighing; the sorted grains are then weighed accurately
Washing and soaking; the weighed grains are washed thoroughly and soaked for about 24 hours
Washing and draining; the soaked grains are washed thoroughly again and allowed to drain
Wet milling; the grains are wet milled in a hammer mill (ginger, sweet potato, or pepper is added)
Sieving; the wet milled grains are sieved with an adequate quantity of potable water.
Heating; the filtrate after sieving is heated over a period of time
Addition of preservative; the right quantity of preservative and flavor is added, followed by thorough mixing
Filteration; the kunun-zaki is filtered to remove suspended particles
Pasteurization; the kunun-zaki is subjected to heat treatment to destroy microorganisms, prevent fermentation, and inhibit undesireable enzyme activities
Cooling and packaging; Pasteurized kunun-zaki is cooled to room temperature, bottled, labeled, and packaged in cartons. And now ready for sale.
RAW MATERIALS, SUPPLIES, AND UTILITIES
The major raw material for kunun-zaki production is sorghum. Sodium Benzoate and sugar are used as preservatives and sweeteners, respectively.
The main items of supplies are packaging materials which include; plastic bottles, cartons and labels. The main utility items are electricity, water and diesel.
MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
The machinery and equipment required for the production of kunun-zaki are: soaking tank, hammer mill, pasteurizer, kunu-zaki reactor, filling machine, vibro sifter, sedimentation tank, shrink wrapper, and other accessories.
The cost and installation of the various machinery listed above for a 2,500 L kunu-zaki production/ day can be made on request.
LABOUR REQUIREMENT
Both skilled and unskilled labour are required for this project. For a small-scale production, a total of about 47 workers are required for production, marketing, accounting, and administration of the project.
CAPITAL REQUIREMENT
The estimated total initial investment is ₦27,228,530.00. This consists of the initial fixed capital of ₦15,530,320.00 (Including factory building, machine and equipment, generator, project vehicle, office furniture and equipment, and borehole), initial working capital of N9,843,680.00, and pre-production expenses of N1,854,530.00.
SPACE REQUIREMENT
A plot of land is adequate for the project, but the actual factory construction could be 25m X 25m.
PRODUCTION PROGRAMME
Production Days/Week : 6
Production Week/Annum : 50
Production Day/Annum : 300
Production Volume /Day : 2,500 litres or 5,000 Bottles (50cl)
Production Volume/Annum : 750,000 Litres or 1,500,00 Bottles (50cl)
Input Output : 1kg (Sorghum) gives 8 Liters Kunu
PROFITABLITY N”000
Total revenue 82,800.00
Total production cost 72,783.00
Gross profit before tax 10,017.00
Tax @30% 3,005.10
NET PROFIT 7,011.90
Gross profit to sales 12.90%
Net Profit to sales 8.46%
Return on investment (Year 1) 25.75%
Return on equity (Year 1) 64.38%
Payback Period 1.2 years
Break – Even Point 60.08%
Net Present Value 1,565.24
How can we help you? Email us: senceagric@senceworld.com
REFERENCES
Culled from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunu
Curtsey of Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, FIIRO; material on kunun-zaki production.
OTHER RELATED ARTICLES
- An Introduction to Tilapia Fish Farming
- Yam Production
- Cassava Production – Irresistible Farming Guide, Economic potential and 5 trends.
- Cassava Starch Production | Market Demand |10 Essential Processing lines |
- Learn How To Transform Cassava Peels into Animal Feed
- Cassava processing video
- Cashew Production…Fascinating Market Trends
- Land Preparation Activities
- Feeding in aquaculture: 4 Simple but Important things you need to know
- An Introduction to Livestock Production
- How to make Your Own Animal Feeds (For Cattles and Sheep)
- Goat Production
- Turkey Production
- Rabbit Production
- Grasscutter Production
- Shrimp Farming
Disclaimer
All data and information provided on this site is for informational purposes only. agriculturenigeria.com makes no representations as to accuracy, completeness, correctness, suitability, or validity of any information on this site and will not be liable for any errors, omissions, or delays in this information or any losses, injuries, or damages arising from its display or use. All information is provided on an as-is basis.