The practice of agriculture refers to the cultivation of land and the breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fibres, medicinal plants and other products for the sustenance and enhancement of human life. It can be flawlessly conceived that right from the beginning of time, agricultural practise has been exhibiting an important role in human lives both for the purpose of human survival and for societal development.
Agriculture for that reason has been the key factor in the development and rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby the farming of domesticated species from mostly the rural areas has been creating the food surpluses that enable people to live in the city areas.
The primary resources of agriculture in Nigeria include:
- Land: Nigeria has vast agricultural land resources, covering about 60% of the country’s total land area. This provides a great opportunity for agriculture to thrive in the country. Nigeria has a total land area of approximately 91 million hectares, out of which about 78 million hectares are suitable for agriculture. The country has diverse agro-ecological zones that support the cultivation of a wide range of crops, including cereals, vegetables, fruits, and cash crops.
- Water: Nigeria has a lot of water resources, including rivers, lakes, and underground water, which are essential for irrigation and other agricultural activities. Nigeria has a vast network of rivers, lakes, and other water bodies, which are essential for irrigation and other agricultural purposes. The country’s major rivers include the Niger, Benue, and Kaduna rivers, while its major lakes include Lake Chad and Lake Kainji.
- Climate: Nigeria’s tropical climate is favorable for agriculture, with long rainy seasons and relatively high temperatures that support the growth of various crops. Nigeria has a tropical climate, which is favorable for the cultivation of a wide range of crops. The country experiences two distinct seasons – the rainy season and the dry season – which determine the planting and harvesting periods for crops.
- Human resources: Nigeria has a large population of over 200 million people, which provides a ready market for agricultural products, as well as a source of labor for the sector.
- Seeds and inputs: Nigeria has a diverse range of seeds and other agricultural inputs, including fertilizers and pesticides, which are critical for the success of the agricultural sector.
- Livestock: Nigeria has a significant livestock population, including cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry, which are important sources of food and income for farmers.
- Technology: Nigeria is increasingly adopting modern agricultural technologies, including precision agriculture, mechanization, and biotechnology. These technologies are helping to improve agricultural productivity and efficiency.
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Overall, these resources provide a solid foundation for agriculture in Nigeria and have the potential to drive the sector’s growth and development.
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